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Stein Rokkan (born July 4, 1921 in Bergen, Norway; died July 1979) was a Norwegian political scientist and sociologist known for his pioneering work in the fields of comparative politics and political sociology. He is particularly well-known for his concept of "center-periphery relations," which has been influential in understanding the relationship between political power and social structures in modern societies.

Rokkan earned his Ph.D. from the University of Paris in 1954, writing a thesis on the politics of language and nationality in Norway. He later taught at the University of Bergen, the University of Oslo, and the European University Institute in Florence. He was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Throughout his career, Rokkan was interested in questions of political development, state-building, and nationalism. His work emphasized the importance of comparative analysis, arguing that a deep understanding of variation across different societies was essential to any meaningful theory of politics and social change. Among his most famous works is the edited volume "Citizenship, Democracy, and National Identity in Europe" (co-edited with John A. Hall), which brought together essays by leading European scholars on the themes of nationalism and democracy.

Rokkan died in an accident while hiking in Norway in 1979, cutting short a career that had already had a major impact on the field of political science. Today, he is remembered as one of the most important political scientists of the 20th century, whose work continues to be widely read and cited in the fields of comparative politics and political sociology.